Palythoa mutuki og Palythoa grandiflora

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Palythoa mutuki og Palythoa grandiflora Empty Palythoa mutuki og Palythoa grandiflora

Post by Trond Erik Mon Jan 14, 2013 11:08 am


PALYTHOA MUTUKI og PALYTHOA GRANDIFLORA
Norsk trivialnavn: Knapper
Engelsk trivialnavn: Zoas og Button polyps.

NB: Disse trivialnavnene brukes også om mange andre koraller i ordenen Zoantharia. "Knapper" kan dermed referere til koraller i vidt forskjellige slekter, som Zoanthus og Palythoa.

.:SLEKTSBESKRIVELSE:.
Palythoa er en slekt av koraller fra subklassen Stjernekoraller. De er således nærmere i slekt med steinkoraller og sjøanemoner enn med myk-koraller. Deres nærmeste slektninger inkluderer Zoanthus, Isaurus, Acrozoanthus, Neozoanthus, Parazoanthus, og Epizoanthus. Det er ofte vanskelig å skille Palythoa sp. fra Zoanthus sp. Palythoa er som oftest større enn Zoanthus og har sediment-partikler integrert i basen for økt stabilitet. Disse sedimentene fører også til at korallen blir grov og ru på oveflaten.

NB: Tidligere fantes det også en slekt som het Protopalythoa. Denne slekten er nå slettet og korallene i den er flyttet over i Palythoa-slekten.

.:UTSEENDE:.
Palythoa mutuki og Palythoa grandiflora har polypper som kan være solitære eller koblet sammen; de er derimot ikke nedsenket i basen. Disken er ofte brun eller grønn. Tentaklene er lange og ofte rette i motsetning til hos Palythoa sp. "singapura" som har har korkete tentakler.

P. mutuki finnes i Stillehavet mens P. grandiflora finnes i det Karibiske Hav.

.:ATFERD:.
Palythoa-koraller vokser raskt, trenger lite lys og vil trives i lite sirkulasjon. Under gode forhold vil de vokse raskt.

Enkelte Palythoa-koraller inneholder den svært farlige toksinen palytoksin som produserer av bakterier som lever i assosiasjon med korallene.

.:NÆRING OG LYS:.
De fleste Palythoa-koraller er fotosyntetiske og krever derfor lys. Næring vil de ta opp fra vannet og de trenger derfor ikke aktiv mating for å trives.

.:SYKDOM OG PREDATORER:.
Forskjellige flatormer og snegler av slekta Heliacus har spesialisert seg på å leve av Palythoa-koraller. En del fisker vil også spise dem, spesielt store keisere av slekta Pomacanthus.

.:VANSKELIGHETSGRAD:.
Palythoa er svært enkle koraller da de vil trives under forskjellige former for lys og sirkulasjon. Det er verdt å merke seg at de må behandles med forsiktighet. Dersom man tar en koloni av Palythoa ut av akvariet og trykket på polyppene (f. eks ved fragging) kan de skyte ut en stråle med vann som kan inneholde palytoksin. Får man denne strålen i øynene kan man få skader og i verste fall føre til blindhet. Også vannet i et akvarie med store mengder slike knapper kan inneholde store mengder palytoksin og dermed være toksisk. Bruk derfor hansker, og, dersom man tar en koloni ut av karet, briller.


Last edited by Trond Erik on Tue Jun 09, 2015 7:45 pm; edited 8 times in total
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Post by Trond Erik Fri Jan 18, 2013 2:14 pm

Palythoa mutuki og Palythoa grandiflora IMG_4690
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Palythoa mutuki og Palythoa grandiflora Empty Om palytoksin-forgiftning.

Post by Trond Erik Thu Jan 24, 2013 8:30 am

Jeg poster denne beretningen om et par og deres hunder som antageligvis ble palytoksin-forgiftet da de kokte LS som sannsynligvis inneholdt knapper av typen protopalythoa eller palythoa. Skremmende lesning. Alle knapper skal behandles med forsiktighet! Enkelte knapper vil skille ut palytoksin dersom de blir plaget - så vær forsiktig med akvarievann etter at du har romstert i karet ditt! Enkelte knapper vil skyte ut en stråle med palytoksin-vann dersom de presses på når de er tatt opp av vannet - pass på øynene! Toksinet ser ut til å kunne gå over i "dampform" - så ikke kok stein med knapper!

Historien:
The day of 1/10/13 I purchased a few new corals for my 72-gallon bow reef aquarium. On my way home I mentally played with changing my aquascape a bit to fit my new corals, and open my tank up a bit for better flow.

5:00pm and the new corals are acclimating. Since the corals I purchased were Acans, I needed real estate at the bottom of the tank since I am running MH lighting mixed with130w PC actinics. I decided to start re-aquascaping.

6:30pm and the aquascape is now done and looks great. In that time frame I decided to rid my tank of roughly 15lbs of liverock. I had the extra rock that was moved sitting next to the tank in a pot. I wanted to save this rock for later use, but I have no where to allow it to dry out since we live in an apartment complex so I decided to boil it. Yes, this is where the trouble started. [Note: It is not uncommon in the freshwater hobby to boil rock after using it for an extended period of time.]

An example of the polyps that Mario boiled.
An example of the polyps that Mario boiled.

7:00pm and the rock is boiling on the stove and I am doing my daily duties around the house before my wife comes home from work.

7:30pm my wife arrives home, and on a whim we decided to go out for dinner. By this time the water in the pot is full boil so I cut the stove off and place the pot on the back burner.

8:00pm we leave for dinner and I notice that my nose is tingling much like having allergies. I suffer from hay fever so I know the signs of my allergies coming on. Once we arrived at the restaurant my nose was pouring like I had a cold and my wife started to complain of a tight chest and a cough. We pushed through it not thinking anything of it.

10:00pm and we arrive home and we are both sick. Thinking that we are both getting the Flu or a nasty cold we bundled up warm to take our dogs out (110lb Lab and 70lb Golden Retriever) to do their nightly duties. I feel short of breath and my wife and I have a nasty headache, even though we are completely bundled up we are freezing cold. After the outing with the dogs we sit down on the couch to relax and watch a bit of TV before we go to bed. Both of us are sick and grumpy. Body aches, headache, sneezing, running nose and labored breathing. We call it a night and go to bed.

1:00am and the our Lab wakes us up to a flurry of vomiting. We clean it up and go back to bed feeling worse than when we went to bed the first time. Now we cannot fall asleep. My wife is moaning and stating that she feels like she has the Flu. I feel the same and know something is going on in the house. I don't want to alarm her so I refrain from teller her how bad I actually feel as well.

1:30am and she is asleep but I am noticing both dogs are breathing very heavy and restless. Our Lab gets up and goes into the kitchen and from a weird smell I realized that he defecated. I wake my wife up and we clean it up. by this time she is moaning and groaning. I take the dog out and he walks maybe 20 feet and lays down. Anyone that has a Lab knows this is not typical behaviour for the breed. I got him up, he urinated and the defecated and laid back down. I was finally able to get him in to find my wife back in bed stating that she may want to go to the ER. She stated she felt like she was dying. I have never heard he whimper and moan like this. I was feeling just as bad but pushing through it but felt horrid and almost morbid.

2:00am and I come up with the idea we have mold issues. We had a flood 2 weeks prior that flooded out my car and made its way into the crawl space below our apartment complex. I search and search for mold but cannot find any.

2:30am and I walk into the kitchen again. In the corner of my eye I see the pot of boiled rocks and the light bulb in my head went off like a Nuclear explosion. I jump on the PC and search for coral poisoning and find that certain types of zooanthids find their way onto liverock. This is evident in my tank as there are ugly zoos on some of my rock. I then find that these types of polyps contain Palytoxin.

2:45am and off to the ER for both of us. Prior to leaving I took to pot of rocks and dumped them onto the lawn outside and rushed out.

3:30am and we are rushed into the ER with difficulty breathing. The Dr. and Practitioner see us both at the same time and listen to my story. I explain how I boiled live rock from my saltwater aquarium and think I poisoned myself and wife as well as dogs by these little polyp things that may have been attached to the rock. I still believe that he thought we were nuts and were looking for pain meds. After running our vitals, he finds me with a fever of 101.5, wife @ 101.3 and both of us had high blood pressure readings. He asks me, "Do you guys want any pain meds?" My answer was to the effect of "Doc, we aren't druggies, we don't need pain meds, we need to know what they hell is going on." I think that squared that thought process away in his mind.

4:30am and he comes back with questions about Palytoxin. Imagine that, the doctor is asking me about a toxic substance in corals. He states he has never come across anything like this before and needs more information. I explain to him to read online as there has been a few documented cases of Palytoxin being ingested causing serious side affects. I also explain I am not a Marine Biologist so I do not have any type of information that would pertain to treating it. He states that he has researched it and found a few documented cases, and also called Poison control. Poison control stated that he could only treat the symptoms if the patient was still "alive" and let it run its course. Prior to all this at around the 3:30 mark I would assume, they started IVs and took blood and urine samples as well as chest xrays. the chest xrays came back with symptoms of Bronchitis.

5:00am. After our conversation about poison control they gave us Steroid breathing treatments to ease our difficulty breathing and Tylenol for our fevers. He placed us on heart and oxygen monitors and said that its just a waiting game and he will monitor us for a while and we should both get some sleep.

We left the ER at roughly 9:00am feeling much better but still in a lot of chest pain. Two days later, both of us are still feeling the effects of the toxin. When we take a deep breath our chest hurts like we have been in a pool or water for too long. Growing up on the beach we called it being water logged. Our abdomens hurt horribly from the violent coughing we are experiencing. We are both on Ventolin Inhalers and 800mg of Motrin as well as Z-Pack's for any type of bacteria we inhaled. We were also advised to see a respiratory specialist in the near future. Both dogs are fine now, we opened the windows and allowed any residual toxins to vent out.

Going back to the point of boiling, I do not recall if there were any polyps on the rocks. I can tell you I quickly examined them for any life just out of curiosity. I guess I missed something.

-- Mario Tango
Kilde: http://www.reefcentral.com/forums/showthread.php?t=2253493
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Post by Pia K Thu Jan 24, 2013 1:27 pm

Leste denne historien i natt og må innrømme jeg ble litt redd for knappene mine :p

Selv om det er sjeldent folk blir så syke, så er det tydeligvis noe som skjer noen hvert år, så bra du la ut historien her. Viktig å spre informasjon om at man må være forsiktig!
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Post by Trond Erik Thu Jan 24, 2013 1:29 pm

Pia K wrote:Leste denne historien i natt og må innrømme jeg ble litt redd for knappene mine :p

Selv om det er sjeldent folk blir så syke, så er det tydeligvis noe som skjer noen hvert år, så bra du la ut historien her. Viktig å spre informasjon om at man må være forsiktig!

Det er heller ikke alle knapper som har palytoksin, i hvert fall ikke i store mengder. Det er mest vanlig hos knapper av typen Palythoa og Protopalythoa, det du har er nok Zoanthus. Men UANSETT, behandl de forsiktig og ikke drikk akvarievannet etter at du har flyttet på knappene.
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Post by Pia K Thu Jan 24, 2013 1:43 pm

Trond Erik wrote:
Pia K wrote:Leste denne historien i natt og må innrømme jeg ble litt redd for knappene mine Palythoa mutuki og Palythoa grandiflora 2852797874

Selv om det er sjeldent folk blir så syke, så er det tydeligvis noe som skjer noen hvert år, så bra du la ut historien her. Viktig å spre informasjon om at man må være forsiktig!

Det er heller ikke alle knapper som har palytoksin, i hvert fall ikke i store mengder. Det er mest vanlig hos knapper av typen Palythoa og Protopalythoa, det du har er nok Zoanthus. Men UANSETT, behandl de forsiktig og ikke drikk akvarievannet etter at du har flyttet på knappene.

Ikke drikke vannet?? Typisk!! Det er jo slik jeg feirer en ny aquascaping, med en shot grumsete akvarievann! Palythoa mutuki og Palythoa grandiflora 1238358945
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Post by Trond Erik Thu Jan 24, 2013 2:00 pm

Pia K wrote:
Trond Erik wrote:
Pia K wrote:Leste denne historien i natt og må innrømme jeg ble litt redd for knappene mine Palythoa mutuki og Palythoa grandiflora 2852797874

Selv om det er sjeldent folk blir så syke, så er det tydeligvis noe som skjer noen hvert år, så bra du la ut historien her. Viktig å spre informasjon om at man må være forsiktig!

Det er heller ikke alle knapper som har palytoksin, i hvert fall ikke i store mengder. Det er mest vanlig hos knapper av typen Palythoa og Protopalythoa, det du har er nok Zoanthus. Men UANSETT, behandl de forsiktig og ikke drikk akvarievannet etter at du har flyttet på knappene.

Ikke drikke vannet?? Typisk!! Det er jo slik jeg feirer en ny aquascaping, med en shot grumsete akvarievann! Palythoa mutuki og Palythoa grandiflora 1238358945

Du vil bli overrasket over hvor ofte folk svelger avkarievann når de driver og skal starte hevert Palythoa mutuki og Palythoa grandiflora 364988687.

Men når det gjelder å drikke akvarievann med palytoksin kjenner jeg bare til et eksempel, og det var en hund som visstnok døde. Kan være en vandrehistorie. Tror det var en tråd på Reef Central om det.
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Post by Trond Erik Sun Mar 03, 2013 8:55 am

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Post by Trond Erik Sun Mar 24, 2013 8:02 am

Nok en uvanlig palythoa:

https://2img.net/h/i624.photobucket.com/albums/tt328/SoulMonster/Forum-Bilder/8561536008_5da562543e_z_zpseec22c91.jpg
Kilde: Brukeren "Joshporksandwic" på Reefcentral.

Denne palythoa-en visstnok fra Panama.
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Post by Trond Erik Thu Sep 26, 2013 9:16 am

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Post by Trond Erik Mon Feb 10, 2014 8:16 pm

Trond Erik
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Post by Trond Erik Thu Mar 27, 2014 7:57 am

AquaNerd har en liten artikkel om historien til en variant av Palythoa sp. (antageligvis Palythoa grandiflora), nemlig "Purple Death Palythoa".


A Brief Look at the History of the Purple Death Palythoa

Zoas and palys have always been admired by beginners to the hobby, as well as the experts. While many of the polyps that are sought after are vibrantly colored, many times putting of some astonishing fluorescent colors, the polyps we have for you today are not so much on the vibrant side, but still a very popular coral. We are, of course, talking about the Purple Deathy Paly, a once rare coral that we see quite often these days. In terms of looks, we aren’t saying that it isn’t a very beautifully colored paly, it just doesn’t have wild colors or patterns like some others we’ve come across.

In terms of history, Purple Death Palyothas are nothing new in the hobby, as they actually date back to 2006. Original owner Alex Agrusa, also known as Creetin on Reef Central, traded or sold a frag of these beautiful palys to John aka “Tubs” from Exotic Reefs. John then off course grew them out and put many of them out in the market.

There are many variations of the “Death” family of palys. Red Death Palys, Nuclear Death Palys, Nuclear Green Palys, and Blue Death Palys are just a few. The price on these palys back when they were first introduced was about $50-$100 per polyp. Now, you can find them for $10-$20 a polyp with relative ease. These palys are just as much of an eye catcher now as they where back then, and their amazingly purple glow sure can put us in a daze.

I remember walking around vendor hall at Nextwave in Dallas/ Fort Worth, admiring all the coral. There were beautiful chalices, SPS, and off course zoanthids and palythoas galore. Then, there it was, with its deep green, almost eyelash-like skirt. Like it’s green skirt it also has a green mouth but how can we forget that rich, almost hypnotizing purple oral disk.
Kilde: http://blog.aquanerd.com/2014/03/purple-death-palythoa.html

https://2img.net/h/i624.photobucket.com/albums/tt328/SoulMonster/Purple-Death-Paly.jpg
"Purple Death Palythoa"

https://2img.net/h/i624.photobucket.com/albums/tt328/SoulMonster/Nuclear-Death-and-Red-Death-Palys.jpg
"Nuclear Death" og "Red Death Palythoa".
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Post by Trond Erik Thu Apr 10, 2014 6:44 pm

Nok en liten skrekkhistorie om palytoksin, denne gangen er det fra mer hjemlige trakter. En sveske har delt følgende bilder på Facebook før og etter operasjon for skader han fikk som følge (antageligvis) av palytoksin:

https://2img.net/h/i624.photobucket.com/albums/tt328/SoulMonster/10155356_10151968888726805_34765249.jpg

https://2img.net/h/i624.photobucket.com/albums/tt328/SoulMonster/10157371_10151968889011805_73023871.jpg
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Post by Trond Erik Thu Apr 10, 2014 7:10 pm

Her det som skjedde:

näthinnan är en nytransplanterad hornhinna det gick inte att använda min gamla så ny fick det bli.. det kom av en sten med ca 20 polyper som jag lade på mittstaget på akvariet när jag bytte pump till uvn jag kunde inte se knapparna från där jag stog dom satt innåt mot baksidan nästan under det tog ca 10 minuter med dom i luften för att detta skulle hända har inte petat i ögonen
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Post by Trond Erik Thu Dec 18, 2014 8:52 pm

En tomunnet Palythoa:

Palythoa mutuki og Palythoa grandiflora Tiny_edited-2-1
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Post by Trond Erik Fri Dec 19, 2014 5:41 pm

Palythoa mutuki og Palythoa grandiflora LTR-Rainbow-Incinerator
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